Patience and its Spiritual Strategies from the Viewpoint of Mulla ‎Muhsin Fayd Kashani and Imam Khomeini

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Religions and Mysticism, YIC., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, ‎Iran.‎

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Religions and Mysticism, YIC., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, ‎Iran‎(Corresponding Author).

3 Associate Professor, Department of Religions and Mysticism, YIC., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.‎

Abstract

Patience (Sabr) is one of the lofty spiritual stations that has been highlighted in numerous verses and narrations, emphasizing its high value. Patience is also considered one of the seven mystical stations, and its role in the journey (Sair wa Suluk) and spiritual training of the seeker has always been a focus. In this article, the spiritual views of the great scholar Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani and Imam Khomeini regarding patience are investigated. Although there are many similarities between these two great mystics in the fundamentals of patience, its degrees, and stations—such as both relying on Quranic verses and narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt, and addressing the topic of the types of patient people and the relationship between patience and faith—differences in their perspectives are also observed. These include Fayd’s emphasis on the negative meaning of restraining the self (hubs-e nafs) and examining the relationship between patience and gnosis (ma’rifah), contrasted with Imam Khomeini’s emphasis on the positive meaning of freedom from constraints, as well as greater attention to the social concept of patience and the psychological and spiritual effects of patience from innate, ascetic, and educational viewpoints, which are absent in Fayd Kashani’s view. Furthermore, the views of these two mystics include spiritual strategies regarding patience, such as faith, the sense of surrender, gratitude, mindfulness, satisfaction with Divine Decree, self-restraint (self-control), and overcoming boredom and frustration resulting from waiting. Mentioning these indicates a connection between contemporary literature on the spirituality of patience and the relevant classical, technical, and specialized texts, or paves the way for such a connection.

Keywords

References

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Islam and Researches about Spirituality
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
December 2025
Pages 147-179

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 February 2025
  • Revise Date: 02 April 2025
  • Accept Date: 06 December 2025

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