معنویت در روانشناسی: تحلیل مفهومی و انتقادی سازه معنویت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای روان‌شناسی پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، قم، ایران.

2 استادتمام، گروه روان‌شناسی پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، قم، ایران.‏

10.22081/jsr.2025.70361.1108

چکیده

علی‌رغم شناخت عام از معنویت به عنوان یک جستجوی ذاتی انسانی برای معنا و اتصال به فراتر از خود، با وجود مطالعات گسترده، معنویت همچنان یک مفهوم چندوجهی با تعاریف متنوع است. این پژوهش با هدف ارائه یک مدل مفهومی جامع از معنویت، به بررسی و نقد عمیق معنا و مفهوم آن می‌پردازد. روش این پژوهش به لحاظ رویکرد، آمیخته از نوع طرح متوالی اکتشافی (رویکرد کمی-کیفی) است. در بخش کیفی، از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی شیهو در بخش کمی، از روش توصیفی-پیمایشی به منظور دستیابی به روایی مدل مفهومی معنویت و مولفه‌های آن استفاده شده است. در جستجوی اولیه 363 مقاله و کتاب یافت شد که برحسب معیارهای ورود به مطالعه 58 مورد به منظور جمع آوری تعاریف پرداخته شد. تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به184کداولیه، 48مضمون پایه9 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده؛ ماهیت، تجربه‌گری، ارتباط، جستجوگری، تفکر، شناخت، رفتار، عاطفه و هیجان، پیامد و 4 بعد اصلی؛ هسته، مکانیزم‌ها، نظام‌های پویا و نمودها شد. در نهایت مدل مفهومی فرایندی «معنویت» استخراج و با استفاده از ضریب شاخص روایی محتوا (CVI) تأیید شد. با وجود تعاریف متعدد و گوناگون از معنویت در روانشناسی، معنویت ساختاری پیچیده و چندبعدی است که به طور جدایی‌ناپذیر با سایر ابعاد وجودی انسان در ارتباط است. ازجمله نقدهای وارد بر مفهوم معنویت در روانشناسی، عدم توجه کافی به ابعاد پویا و تحولی متعالی، تمرکز بیش از حد بر مؤلفه‌های بیرونی و سکولار، و همچنین گسست مصنوعی میان معنویت و ابعاد دینی و مذهبی می‌باشد. نظر به اینکه پارادایم غالب حاکم در علم روان‌شناسی سکولار می‌باشد، در مفهوم‌پردازی معنویت هم این موضوع قابل مشاهده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Spirituality in Psychology: A Conceptual and Critical Analysis ‎of the Construct of Spirituality

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Arabpour 1
  • Masoud Janbozorgi 2
1 ‎. ‎PhD student in Psychology, Research Institute of Hawzah and University, Qom, Iran.‎
2 ‎Professor, Department of Psychology, Research Institute of Hawzah and University, Qom, ‎Iran.‎
چکیده [English]

Despite the general recognition of spirituality as an intrinsic human quest for meaning and connection beyond oneself, it remains a multifaceted concept with diverse definitions. This study aims to present a comprehensive conceptual model of spirituality by critically examining and analyzing its meaning. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach using an exploratory sequential design (quantitative-qualitative). In the qualitative phase, qualitative content analysis was employed, while in the quantitative phase, a descriptive-survey method was used to validate the conceptual model of spirituality and its components. An initial search yielded 363 articles and books, from which 58 sources met the inclusion criteria for defining spirituality. Data analysis resulted in 184 initial codes, 48 basic themes, and nine organizing themes—essence, experience, connection, quest, reflection, cognition, behavior, emotion and affect, and outcome—categorized into four main dimensions: core, mechanisms, dynamic systems, and manifestations. The final process-oriented conceptual model of spirituality was extracted and validated using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Despite the numerous definitions of spirituality in psychology, it is a complex, multidimensional construct inherently interconnected with other existential dimensions of human life. Key criticisms of the concept of spirituality in psychology include insufficient attention to its dynamic and transcendental developmental aspects, an overemphasis on external and secular components, and an artificial separation of spirituality from religious and faith-based dimensions. Given that the dominant paradigm in psychology is secular, this influence is also evident in the conceptualization of spirituality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spirituality
  • Spiritual Development
  • Conceptual Model
  • Process-‎Oriented Conceptual Model.‎
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